“外祖母”称谓的地理分布与历史发展

Geographic Distribution and Historical Development of Address-reference Terms of “Grandmother” in Chinese Dialects

现代汉语各方言对"外祖母"的称谓主要有"外婆"、"姥姥"和"姥娘"。其中,"外婆"出现年代较为久远,分布最为广泛,主要分布在南方方言区。"姥娘"和"姥姥"出现年代较为晚近,主要分布在北方方言区。北方话中较早出现的"姥娘"发生了词义缩小现象,被后起的"姥姥"取代。三类称谓词横向的地理分布与其纵向的历史演变相对应。

There are mainly three address-reference terms for ＂grandmother＂ in Modern Chinese, i. e. ＂Waipo （外婆）＂ , ＂Laolao （姥姥）＂ and ＂Laoniang （姥娘） ＂. ＂Waipo＂ appeared much earlier than the other two and is used most widely, especially popular in the southern Chinese dialects. ＂Laoniang＂ and ＂Laolao＂ appeared later and are used mostly in the northern Chinese dialects. In Beijing dialect, ＂Laoniang＂ appeared fairly early but has experienced a semantic narrowing, and now it has been replaced by ＂Laolao＂. The geographic distribution of these three address-reference terms corresponds to their historical development.