小儿反复下呼吸道感染的临床病因分析

Clinical analysis of recurrent lower respiratory tract infections in children

目的探讨小儿反复下呼吸道感染的致病因素。方法回顾性分析20lO年6月～2012年6月齐鲁石化中心医院反复下呼吸道感染患儿500例的临床资料。结果500例患儿中206例（41．2％）存在基础疾病，其中先天性或获得性呼吸系统解剖异常50例（10．O％），哮喘40例（8．O％），呼吸道吸人10例（2．0％），先天性心脏病16例（3．2％），免疫缺陷病30例（6．0％），微量元素缺乏60例（12．0％）；支原体感染125例（25．0％）。结论反复下呼吸道感染患儿多存在基础疾病，最常见的是先天性或获得性呼吸系统解剖异常，其次为哮喘、呼吸道吸入、先天性心脏病及免疫缺陷病；微生物感染主要与肺炎支原体感染有关，需引起重视；有的患儿与微量元素缺乏有关，多见于婴幼儿。

Objective To l explore the causes of recurrent lower respiratory tract infections in children.Methods The clinical data of 500 cases of children with recurrent lower respiratory tract infections in Qilu Etri-chemical Central Hospital from June 2010 to June 2012 were analyzed retrospectively.Results Underlying illnesses were identified in 206 children （41.2%）,including congenital or acquaired anatomic anomalies of respiratory system 50 cases （10.0%）, asthma 40 cases （8.0%）,respiratory tract aspiration 10 cases （2.0%）,congenital heart disease 16 cases （3.2%）,immunod- eficiency disorder 30 cases （6.0%）,trace element deficiency 60 cases （12.0%）,mycoplasma pneumoniae 125 cases （25.0%）.Conclusion Most children with recurrent lower respiratory tract infections have an underlying disease,the most common one is congenital or acquaired anatomic anomalies of respiratory system,followed by asthma,respiratory tract aspiration,congenital heart disease and immunodeficiency disorder; Microbial infection is closely correlated to My- coplasma pnemonia infection and should be paid more attention.Some children are related with trace element deficien- cy,common in infants and young children.