农村青少年辍学打工及其原因

Dropping Out of School for Work for Rural Youth and Its Determinants

文章以农村青少年的长远发展为导向,探讨农村青少年辍学打工现象的存在状况及其原因。教育统计年鉴数据和抽样调查数据均表明:农村青少年辍学外出打工是一个普遍存在的社会现象。同时,抽样调查数据表明农村青少年辍学打工与以下因素存在因果关联:农村社会距离、城市社会距离、个人经济观念强度及其对宏观社会形势的认知取向、父母教育观念和方式等方面。这表明除城乡差距等结构性的原因外,农村青少年的个人思维特征成为突出问题:其辍学外出打工的选择表现出过于经济理性、偏面性和短期性的决策思维模式,缺乏长远的发展规划。但辍学打工不应该被看作是农村青少年的个人选择问题,而应当看作社会问题,必需通过政策调节来改变。所以,基于矫正过于功利、单一的经济导向出发,应当实施梯度人口流动政策。

In addressing long-term development of rural youth, this article explores the phenome- non and the mechanisms of school dropout for migrant work for rural youth which is currently a com- mon social problem in China. The analysis based on survey data shows that dropout for migrant work is related to the following factors： the distance between rural and urban society, individuals＇ economic altitude, their perspective on macro-social trends, and their parents＇ educational concept and method. Other than the structural issue on the urban-rural differences, the decision of rural youth of school drop- out for migrant work is made by an economic-rationality-based model. However, dropout for migrant work should not be considered solely as a personal issue of rural youth, but also a social problem that needs to be addressed through policy adjustment. Therefore, it is suggested that a gradient based mi- gration policy be adopted to avoid a single, utilitarian and economically orientated perspective.