全血AS-PCR方法检测Wilson病ATP7B基因四个突变

Whole blood allele-specific PCR, a simple method to detect four ATPTB gene mutations in Wilson disease

目的研究肝豆状核变性ATP7B基因高频突变位点，探索全血等位基因特异性-PCR（allelespecificPCR，AS-PCR）技术在该基因4个常见突变检测中的应用。方法针对ATP7B基因4个突变位点（G2333T、C2850T、G2855A、G2975T）设计等位基因特异性弓I物，应用高保真酶对人抗凝全血样本进行聚合酶链反应，扩增产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳以判断待检样本有无基因突变及其等位基因型。PCR扩增人基因组ATP7B基因第8、12、13外显子，扩增产物直接进行基因序列测定。结果全血AS-PCR法检测ATP7B基因4个基因突变，各位点检测结果与基因序列测定完全相符。27份健康对照血样分型结果G2333T、C2850T和G2975T等3个位点没有出现突变，而G2855A位点突变率则达到了51．8％。22份患者血液样本分型结果显示除G2855A位点外，其余3个位点共检出11例含有突变，阳性率达到50％。结论建立了全血AS-PCR检测肝豆状核变性ATP7B基因4个基因突变的方法，为该病的早期诊断和及早治疗提供了有效的手段。

Objective To establish a simple method to detect four ATPTB gene mutations in Wilson disease using allele-specific PCR（AS-PCR） with whole blood polymerase chain reaction. Methods Four allele-specific PCR primers specific for the mutations（G2333T, C2850T, G2855A, G2975T） were designed, and PCR was optimized to screen the whole blood samples. The amplified gene products with mutation were separated with agarose gel electrophoresis to detect the pattern of point mutation and allele types. Exons 8, 12 and 13 of the ATP7B gene were amplified with PCR, and the amplification products were sequenced to confirm the mutation. Results The detection of four ATP7B gene mutations by AS-PCR with whole blood was accomplished with 100~ accuracy. In the 27 healthy subjects, the mutation rate of G2855A was 51.8~. No mutation was detected for G2333T, C2850T and G2975T. Among the 22 patients, 11 were mutated for G2333T, C2850T or G2975T. The mutation rate was therefore 50%. Conclusion Our experiment has established an AS-PCR based method for detecting four ATP7B gene mutations using whole blood samples, which has provided a simple and effective means for the early diagnosis of Wilson disease. This method is rapid, convenient, accurate and economical for detecting point mutations of the ATP7B gene.