HIV辅助蛋白拮抗细胞限制因子机制研究进展

Research Progress in HIV Auxiliary Proteins Counteracting Host Restriction Factors

抗病毒限制因子成为病毒学研究领域的热点。近些年陆续发现了4种HIV限制因子:APOBEC3G、Trim5α、Tetherin、SAMHD1。其中APOBEC3G、Tetherin、SAMHD1分别被HIV编码的辅助蛋白Vif、Vpu、Vpx所拮抗。这些辅助蛋白影响病毒的致病性和复制能力,拮抗宿主内的天然抗病毒限制因子,使病毒能够成功的侵染宿主细胞。本文重点综述了这三种能拮抗宿主限制因子的HIV辅助蛋白的功能研究进展。

Abstract：Identification and functional analyses of antiviral restriction factors in hosts have become hot research topics. Four HIV restriction factors, APOBEC3G, Trim5a, Tetherin, and SAMHD1, have been identified in recent years. By encoding auxiliary proteins, lentiviruses can counteract host restriction factors. For example, the auxiliary proteins Vif, Vpu, and Vpx of HIV antagonize APOBEC3G, Tetherin, and SAMHD1, respectively. Furthermore, these auxiliary proteins enable the entry of HIV into host cells and influence the replication and pathogenicity of HIV. In this paper, we review the research progress in the functions of the three HIV auxiliary proteins that can antagonize the host restriction factors.