人腺病毒的研究进展

Research Progress in Human Adenovirus

人腺病毒(Human adenovirus,HAdV)是引起婴幼儿急性呼吸道感染等多种疾病的重要病原体之一,本文回顾了有关HAdV的分子生物学特征、检测方法及分型、致病机制、相关疾病的临床特征、流行病学特征、HAdV感染的预防和控制研究的文献。迄今为止明确的HAdV有67种不同型别,包括近几年发现的重组变异株。导致急性呼吸道感染的主要流行株为HAdV-3和HAdV-7,属于B亚组,也可以引起其他系统的疾病,所致疾病的临床表现与其他呼吸道病毒相关病毒相似,但多伴消化道症状,其致病机制尚不清楚。对于新发现的变异重组株,其与疾病的相关性研究甚少,需要进一步研究证实。由于没有前瞻性的、大样本的随机对照治疗试验,HAdV感染的治疗目前存在争议。疫苗是降低呼吸道HAdV感染最有效的措施,但还没有上市的产品。

Human adenovirus （HAdV） is one of the most important pathogens in infants and young children with acute respiratory infections and other diseases. This article reviews the literature on HAdV, including its molecular biological characteristics, detection and typing, and pathogenic mechanism, the clinical features and epidemiological characteristics of HAdV-related diseases, and the prevention and control of HAdV infections. So far, 67 types of HAdV have been identified, including recombinant variants discov- ered in recent years. The major epidemic strains that cause acute respiratory infections are HAdV-3 and HAdV-7, both of which belong to the subgroup B. HAdV often leads to acute respiratory infections, but it also causes diseases of other systems. HAdV-related diseases have similar clinical manifestations as those caused by other respiratory viruses, but often accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms. The path- ogenic mechanism of HAdV remains unclear, especially for the new recombinant variants, due to few stud- ies on their association with diseases. Because there are no prospective, large randomized controlled trials of HAdV infections, the treatment of HAdV infections is controversial. Vaccine is the most effective measure to reduce respiratory HAdV infections, but it is still not commercially available.