设计批评的性别身份及其历史分期

Gender Identity and the Historical Stage of Design Criticism

20世纪70年代,西方设计学确立与性别研究及其立场形成几乎同时发生。至今,以性别为范畴的设计批评走过了40多个年头的历程,设计学也历经了从历史研究、到方法研究再到文化批评的三个阶段。性别作为身份认同的视角之一,更新了设计史写作与设计研究的全新空间。同时,在设计批评的话语系统中,性别也成为与国别、地区、宗教、阶级、年龄等并行不悖的范畴之一。作为社会学以及文化研究概念的"身份",其状态与过程的双重属性,恰好解释了设计批评在过去40年间的动态发展轨迹:从政治性、女性主义、符号学,再到多元主义。设计批评的价值取向变化也从侧面揭示了整个设计研究发展的未来方向。性别研究向身份认同研究的转向,表明了以女性主义作为起点的设计批评,最终将会走向以弱势群体为对象的普世关怀。

In 1970s, the establishment of western design study and the research and opinions of gender almost ap- peared at the same time. Up to now, design criticism taking gender as its category has existed 40 years, and design study has experienced three phases from historical study to methodology study to cultural criticism. As one perspective of identity, gender updates the whole new space of the research and writing of design history. Meanwhile, in the speech system of design criticism, gender also becomes one category running parallel to nation, region, religion, class, and age. As a sociology and cultural study conception, identity has double attributes, which exactly explains the dynamie development track of design criticism in past 40 years, from political nature, feminism, semiology, to pluralism. That gender study transits to identity study indicates that the design criticism taking feminism as its starting point will eventually move towards a universal concern of vulnerable groups.