中国当代艺术中的“废墟”描述及其文本背后的思考——以贾樟柯《三峡好人》、《东》和刘小东《三峡大移民》、《三峡新移民》为例

Description of Ruins in Contemporary Chinese Art and Something behind Text: Taking Jiao Zhangke's and Liu Xiaodong's Documentary as Examples

在以"废墟"为描述对象的艺术作品中,既有对颓废与伤感的实体性存在的"废墟"进行展示,又有借"废墟"现象来折射社会变革中人的生存状态的。但对"废墟"描述的艺术思考其实更耐人寻味。伴随着三峡工程的如期建设,三峡"废墟"引起艺术家们对过往的追思以及对历史的寻问,对三峡"废墟"的表现也构造了一种"对话":与自己的对话或者与社会的对话。三峡"废墟"背后隐藏着的,是一种对"精神废墟"的重建,对精神故乡的寻找。抑或也可以说,中国当代艺术中对三峡"废墟"的表现,也属于现实主义创作的一种方法和一个侧面。然而,对在"城建"中出现的新的因人为破坏所形成的"废墟",包括仿古造假的所谓"艺术性开发"等等,理当应予以毫不妥协地尖锐批判。

Ruins depicted in artworks always refer to a decadence and sentimentalism towards ruins on one hand, and reflect the survival state of human in social transformation on the other. As the Three Gorges is built as planned, the ruins of the Three Gorges make artists think and ask. Their representation of the ruins of the Three Gorges forms a dia- logue, a dialogue with themselves or a dialogue with society. The ruins imply a rebuilding of spiritual ruins, a search- ing for spiritual homeland.