陈白沙心学的德性进路

The Virtue Approach of Chen Baisha's Kowledge of Heart

陈白沙心学的德性进路即陈白沙心学的成德、成圣路径。陈白沙继承了孟子"集义"的德性进路,他认为成德、成圣的根基在于"立本",即通过日常生活中所呈露的仁、善的端倪以体证仁、善之为人的本质,并在此基础上渐次扩充而达致至仁、至善。在"立本"的基础上,陈白沙的成德历程基本上分为两个阶段:第一阶段以提撕、唤醒的"勿忘"工夫为主,由于陈白沙并未透彻地理解"勿忘"与"勿助"体证工夫的辩证关系,因用功过度而导致了心疾;第二阶段以"勿助"工夫为主,陈白沙逐渐领悟了"勿助"的含义及其对成德、成圣的意义,即由"亲亲之情"及"恻隐之心"所呈露的仁、善的端倪渐次扩充而达致至仁、至善,是一个顺理推演的自然过程,不需要任何的助长。至此,"勿忘勿助之间"成为陈白沙心学成德、成圣的基本体证路径。在此基础上,陈白沙构建了本体自然的自然主义哲学体系。

The virtue approach of Chen Baisha＇ s knowledge is the approach of becoming a moral man and be- coming sage. Chen Baisha inherited the virtue approach of the accumulation of righteousness of Mengzi, he thought that building foot is the foundation of becoming a moral man and a sage, that is one can understand the benevolence and the good by the way of having an insight into the clue of the benevolence and the good, and achieve a pure mor- al man and a pure sage on the whole by the way of expanding gradually on the foundation of this. There were two stages in course of Chen Baisha＇ s kowledge of heart on the foundation of building foot. The skill of no forgetting by the way of mentioning tearing and awaking is the primary skill. Because of not understanding the dialectical relation- ship between no foegetting and no helping thoroughly, Chen Baisha led to heart desease because of overstudy in the first stage. No helping is the primary skill in the second stage;Chen Baisha undersood the meaning of no helping gradually, that is to say that it is a natural way to bocome a moary man or a sage which need no helping by the way of having an insight into the clue of benevolence or good. So, the skill between no forgeting and no helping is the basic skill of becoming a moral man or a sage in Chen Baisha＇ s confucianism. Chen Baisha constructed the philo- sophical system of naturalism on the condition of this.