敌腐特灵洗消剂对氨水灼伤大鼠皮肤的应急洗消效果

Effects of chemical splash decontamination solution diphoterine on skin burns caused by ammonia solution on rats

目的评价敌腐特灵对受氨水喷溅的大鼠皮肤的洗消效果。方法将不同剂量敌腐特灵皮肤洗消剂与1.0 mL的1 mol/L氨水混合,利用pH计测定氨水溶液的pH值以观察中和作用;大鼠皮肤以25.0%氨水各灼伤1 min、2 min、5 min后,分别用250 mL生理盐水、敌腐特灵、硼酸溶液进行洗消,观察不同洗消剂洗消后24 h皮肤损伤情况,每组大鼠均随机分为10只。结果敌腐特灵皮肤洗消剂对氨水具有快速高效的中和作用。氨水滞留皮肤1 min后进行洗消,各洗消剂均具有较好洗消效果,皮肤平均损伤反应分值在各组间比较,差异无统计学意义(F=0.462,P>0.05);氨水滞留皮肤2 min时进行洗消,敌腐特灵较硼酸溶液、生理盐水具有更好的减轻皮肤损伤作用,组织病理学观察敌腐特灵洗消后皮肤损伤明显减轻。三组溶液洗消后皮肤平均损伤反应分值分别为0.48±0.44、1.22±0.97、4.78±0.67,皮肤经敌腐特灵洗消后的分值与其他两组相比,差异有统计学意义(q=-3.130,P<0.05;q=17.441,P<0.01);氨水滞留皮肤5 min后进行洗消,皮肤平均损伤反应分值在各组间比较,差异无统计学意义(F=0.412,P>0.05)。结论敌腐特灵皮肤洗消剂对氨水具有快速、高效的中和作用,早期迅速应用能明显减轻皮肤损伤。

Objective To evaluate the decontamination efficacy of diphoterine for rat skin splashed by ammonia solution. Methods Titration curves in beakers and the neutralization efficacy were obtained by continuously measuring the pH of 1 mL 1 mol/L ammonia solution mixed with the different dosage of diphoterine with pH meter. The rat skin burned by 25.0% ammonia solution was then washed at 1,2 and 5 minutes after burning with 250 mL of saline solution,boric acid or diphoterine, respectively. Effects were assessed on the basis of changes in histological pathology examination of the burned skin at time 24 h post-exposure. Results Diphoterine was found to be a fast and efficient emergency decontaminant for the neutralization of ammonia solution in vitro. Rinsing with diphoterine, boric acid solution and normal saline were all efficient at 1 rain after rat skin was burned by ammonia solution （F = 0.462, P 〉 0.05）. Diphoterine was obviously more efficient to reduce skin damage than boric acid solution and normal saline at 2 min after the skin was burned （q = -3.130, P 〈 0.05; q = 17.441, P 〈 0.01 ）,while no evident efficacy of the three solutions when they were used at 5 rain after the skin was burned （F = 0.412, P 〉 0.05）. Conclusion The evident efficacy of cutaneous washing with diphoterine in time was proven by pathological demonstrations. Diphoterine proves to be efficient in the primary treatment of ammonia burns.