某汽车制造企业焊接工艺职业病危害7年变化趋势分析

Occupational hazards variation in welding workshop of an automobile manufacturing enterprise in seven years

目的了解某汽车制造企业焊接工艺过程职业病危害情况及作业人员健康状况的变化。方法依据该企业2006—2012年职业病危害因素的检测数据及16 458人次在岗期间职业健康检查资料,运用趋势χ2检验,分析职业病危害因素超标及体检异常项目检出率的变化趋势。结果在职业病危害因素的检测中,臭氧、一氧化碳及噪声超标点检出率呈逐年下降趋势,趋势χ2值分别为5.858、26.476、4.155,P值分别为0.016、0.000、0.042;在职业健康检查中,低血红蛋白及电测听异常的检出率呈下降的趋势,趋势χ2值分别为6.755、14.698,P值分别为0.009、0.000。结论该企业职业病危害初步得到治理和控制,作业人员的健康状况与同类企业相比处于较好水平,但臭氧、一氧化碳及噪声治理尚需加强。

Objective To understand the occupational hazards in the welding process and the change trend of workers＇ health status in an automobile manufacturing enterprises. Methods The occupational hazards and corresponding control measures were surveyed. The monitoring data of these occupational hazards at various work-sites and occupational health surveillance on exposed workers from 2006 to 2012 were collected and analyzed. Results The control measures against the occupational hazards didn＇t run as expected well in the welding process. The monitoring data showed the level or intensity of ozone, carbon monoxide and noise at few worksites were still not compliant with OELs, though there was a trend that the number of these non-compliant worksites decreased gradually in recent years（~ = 5.858,26.476,4.155 ; P = 0.016,0.000,0.042 ）. The surveillance data showed that there was high incidence of low hemoglobin level and the abnormality by audiometry examination,but a decreased trend was observed year by year （X^2 = 6.755,14.698; P= 0.009,0.000）. Conclusion Although occupational hazards were controlled effectively, the improvement, such as good maintenance and operation of these facilities, should be done continuously.