4Mirilas P, Colbom GL, McClusky DA 3rd, et al. The history of anatomy and surgery of the preperitoneal space[J]. Arch Surg, 2005, 140(1):90-94.
5Amid PK. Lichtenstein tension-free hemioplasty: its inception, evolution, and principles[J]. Hernia, 2004,8(1): 1-7.
6Qiunn TH. Anatomy of the groin: a view from the anatomist[M]//Nyhus and Condon's Hernia. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002: 55-58.
7Kugel RD. Minimally invasive, nonlaparoscopic, preperitoneal, and sutureless, inguinal hemiorraphy[J]. Am J Surg, 1999, 178(4): 298-302.
8Nyhus LM. The posterior (preperitoneal) approach and iliopubic tract repair of inguinal and femoral hernias - an update [J]. Hemia, 2003,7(2): 63-67.