典型草原地区蒙药材植物适牧形态分析

MORPHOLOGIES OF MONGOLIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS SUITABLE FOR GRAZING IN THE TYPICAL STEPPE

本文以植物形态观察方法,对锡林郭勒草原自然保护区的蒙药材植物进行了研究,分析其适牧形态特征,结果表明:(1)根据蒙药材植物对放牧适应对策的不同,可分两大类机制:耐牧性机制和避牧性机制。(2)从生活型看,植株高低不同,适牧对策不同。乔木和莲座状植物属于避牧形态,而中等高度或低矮植物更多以耐牧机制适应放牧,丛生、匍匐、根茎等形态在被采食或践踏的情况下,有利于增加分枝或增多个体。(3)放牧条件下,营养繁殖更有利于保存个体,拥有营养繁殖器官的植物更耐牧。而有性繁殖的种子或果实借以特殊的形态才能适应放牧。(4)属于避牧性机制的植物,更多采取了防御措施。有刺、有毛等属于结构性防御,有毒有害属于化学性防御。

The Mongolian medicinal plants of Xilinguole nature reserve were studied with the method of plant morphological observa- tion in this paper. We analyzed their morphologies suitable for grazing. The results were as follow： （ 1 ） Adaptation response to grazing of the Mongolian medicinal plants had two mechanisms ：tolerance and avoidance. （2）Due to the differences in plant height, the counter- measures response to grazing were not the same. Arbores and rosette plants belonged to the avoiding mechanism. Most of the medium height or low plants have the tolerance mechanism. Under grazing or trampling, tufted, creeping, rhizomatic and other forms plants helped to increase the individual branches or increased. （ 3 ） Vegetative propagation was more conducive to self - preservation under grazing conditions. Plants which had the organ of vegetative reproduction were resistant to grazing. The seeds or fruits of sexual reproduc- tion had some special morphologies to adapt to grazing. The plants with avoidance mechanism more took defensive measures. Such as, structure defenses including barbed, hairy and other forms, chemical defenses including toxic,bad and other forms.