论共有的法律构造

The Communion Legal Formation

大陆法系的共有制度必须严格遵循物权的基本逻辑。区分共有、共同财产和共同行为是认识共有法律制度的必要条件。共有物既是共有内部关系和外部关系的分界点又是它们的连接点。共有人之间的物权意思表示建构共有内部关系;共有人之间的物权意思通过共有物表示来建构共有外部关系。共有人是根据其份额受特定契约限制的所有人。共有的本质是潜在的分割所有权。任何共有都是按份共有,以共同关系或共有人承担责任方式证成共同共有的正当性是不能成立的。

In the continental law system, the communion system must follow the basic logic of property right. To distinguish between the communion, common property and common behavior is the prerequisite to understand the communion legal system. Res communes generate and express the internal and external relationship of communion. Common proprietors are the owners restrained by particular contract according to portions. The essence of communion is the potential division of ownership. Communion must be set up according to portions. The justice can not be proved if the communion is undertaken by common relationship or by common proprietors .