对我国矿业权的剖析与重构—基于加强矿产资源合理利用的视角

Study on Analysis and Reconstruction of Mining Rights——From the Perspective of Strengthening Rational Utilization of Mineral Resources

我国将矿业权作为探矿权和采矿权之上位权,导致两种性质截然不同的权利被混为一谈,矿业权"依法取得"之公权性质与其"物权"之私权性质相捆绑以及《物权法》对矿业权的"用益物权"之定位,造成矿业权理论的混乱与非科学性,在一定程度上导致矿产资源浪费、生态环境破坏等现实问题。因此,我国在重构矿业权的同时,应当重新调整国家定位,淡化其经营者身份,使其着力于矿业市场的培育与规范、社会公共利益及国家安全的保护,以达到规范矿产资源开发利用、保护生态环境实现可持续发展的目的。

The mining industry right is placed over the mining speculating right and mining exploration right in Chinese legal system so that the rights of two different kinds are confused. The combining of the mining industry right -- the public aspect for its being ＂legally obtained＂ with the private aspect for its being ＂property rights＂, and the positioning of the mining industry right by the usufructuary right in the ＂Property Law＂ lead to the chaotic and non-scientific situation of the mining industry right theory. To some extent, this situation leads to the waste of mineral resources and ecological destruction. Therefore, the reconstruction of the mining industry rights requires an readjustment of the status of the government： to dilute its identity as the operator, to cultivate and regulate the mining market and to protect the social public interest and national security. The purpose is to regulate the development and utilization of mineral resources and to achieve the sustainable development of the ecological environment.