试论新疆哈萨克族社会组织结构与功能的变迁

On the Change of the Kazak Social Organizational Structure and Function in Xinjiang

新疆哈萨克族正在经历从传统到现代的转型过程,在这一过程中,新疆哈萨克族的社会组织结构与功能都在发生巨大的变化。传统哈萨克族社会组织具有宗法性、血缘性、部落性、功能复合性的特点,建国后,新疆哈萨克族社会组织结构逐渐转向现代国家行政结构,地缘和业缘组织取代了血缘组织。从一般系统论的角度看,新疆哈萨克族社会组织结构与功能变迁与社会组织的内外环境的变化密不可分,其中社会政治因素、经济因素、需求因素和观念因素发挥了重要影响。

In the process of the Kazak people＇s change from the traditional society to a modern one, their social organizational structure and function have been change dramatically. The traditional social organization of the Kazak was patriarchal, blood tied, tribal and functionally complex. After 1955, the Kazakh traditional social organizational structure was gradually replaced by the modern administrative structure： the blood tied organization being replaced by one based on location and profession. From the perspective of general systems theory, the change is correlatively tied with the change of the internal and external environment of social organizations, the social, political, economical, demand and viewpoint factors playing important roles.