法律行为效力三层次论抑或二层次论——从采矿权转让合同未经批准的效力纠纷个案透视

Two-or Three Hierarchy Theories on the Effect of Legal Act-Disputes of the Unapproved Mining Right Transfer Contract

法律行为效力(成立和生效)二层次论的理论困境在于:在有法定生效条件和约定生效条件的合同中,合同生效前处于未生效状态,按照该传统通说的观点将得出未生效合同对当事人不具有拘束力,而且也无法解释未生效合同对当事人具有一定法律拘束力的义务来源。将法律行为的效力分为三个层次:成立、有效、生效,但应在传统成立和"生效"(实质为有效)之后,加入一个应有的真正的生效层面。这就摆脱了二层次论的理论困境,提供了未生效合同对当事人具有一定法律拘束力的义务依据,具有正当性和合理性。

The theoretical dilemma of the Two Hierarchy Theory of Legal act effect lies in that a contract with legal effective conditions or effective contract conditions remains in an inactive state before it comes into effect. According to the traditional viewpoint, the contract takes no effect on any party in the contract. The circumstance certainly provides a legal coat to the covenanters who want to breach the contract purposely. Furthermore, it can＇t explain the legal binding obligation source on the parties of the contract. This paper holds that the effectiveness of legal act is divided into the established, effective and validation parts. The Three Hierarchy Theory shakes off the theoretical dilemma of the Two Hierarchy Theory. For it provides certain legal binding obligation basis to the parties. On all accounts, this theory is legitimate and rational.