我国研究生教育规模扩张与质量提升凝视——从三部委发布《关于深化研究生教育改革的意见》谈起

A Stare on the Scale Expanding and Quality Promoting of Graduate Education in China

改革开放30多年来,我国逐步建立起布局合理、学科齐全、类型多样的研究生教育体系,从根本上改变了高等教育的层次结构,基本实现了立足国内培养研究生的战略目标。早在2005年,我国在校研究生人数超过100万,成为名副其实的研究生教育大国。但是,近年来伴随着规模扩张而教育质量却出现了下降趋势,受到了媒体愈来愈多的质疑。教育质量下降的原因很多,归纳起来大约有三个方面:其一,研究生教育资源跟不上招生规模的扩张。其二,研究生教育模式与社会需求不适应。其三,研究生教育重外在功利需求而轻内在修养需求。对此,教育部、国家发改委、财政部颁布《关于深化研究生教育改革的意见》并召开全国研究生教育工作视频会议,对研究生教育改革进行了全面部署。虽然《关于深化研究生教育改革的意见》提出了"优化类型结构"等一系列改革举措,但依然是基于研究生教育外在功利需求而不是内在修养需求的。其实,研究生教育改革应该更加重视对研究生个体未来发展奠定基础的内在修养需求。

By 30 years of reforming and opening, China has established a graduate educa- tion system, step by step. The system holds now such features of reasonable layout, complete disciplines, wide varieties. The progress greatly changes the level and construction of higher ed- ucation in China, and realizes the strategic target of training graduate students in China. In 2005, the number of graduate students in China reached 1 million, and China became great country in graduate education. However, in recent years, with the scale expanding, the quality of graduate education decreases. The situation leads to much attention of mediums. There many causes that may result in scrimp on quality. But there are three main causes： The first is that the educational resource cannot get up the progress of the educational scale; The second is that the educational pattern cannot fit the social demands; The third is that the education pays much attention in outer utility and ignores connotation construction. For such a situation, the Ministryof Education, National Development and Reform Commission and the ministry of Finance issued jointly a document and held a tele-conference to deploy the reform of graduate education. How- ever, although the document requires many reforming measures such as optimizing the construc- tion of graduate education, the policy is still to enhance the outer utility and ignore the conno- tation construction. The paper points out that the key point in graduate education is pay atten- tion to the personal development of these students, the education should provide a foundation for their further progress.