农业巨灾风险管理中的国家责任

On the State's Responsibility in the Management of the Agricultural Catastrophe Risk

农业巨灾风险管理是纯公共物品与准公共物品的集合体。在农业巨灾风险管理过程中,国家应当起到主导作用。完善的立法和制度安排是农业巨灾风险管理顺利进行的依据。法律应当对农业巨灾风险管理领域公共产品的供给进行调整。农业巨灾风险管理的制度模式包括商业化运作模式、政府主导模式和公私伙伴合作模式。公私伙伴合作模式应是我国的理想选择。国家参与农业巨灾风险管理的主要方式包括立法保障、充当最后保险人、财政支持、税收优惠、监督管理。我国应建立农业再保险制度、设立国家农业巨灾风险基金、发行农业巨灾债券,同时制定和完善相关立法。

The agricultural catastrophe risk management is a mixer of the pure public goods and quasi-public goods. The State should play a leading role in it. The perfect legislations and institutional arrangements are the foun- dation of the agricultural catastrophe risk management. The laws shall regulate the supplies of the public goods. The institutional modes of the agricultural catastrophe risk management are as follows：the commercial one, the govern- ment-oriental one and the public -private partnership mode. And the last mode should be the ideal selection for China. The means of the state＇ s involvement are mainly to legislate, to act as the insurer of the last resort, to provide the financial support and preferential taxation, and to regulate. In our country, the management mechanisms should include the establishment of the agricultural reinsurance system, the foundins of the State＇ s Agricultural Catastrophe Risk Fund system and the issuing of the agricultural CAT bond at least. And the related laws and regulations should be legislated and perfected.