论《京都议定书》第二期承诺对国家发展权的保障及其局限性

Safeguards for the right of national development in the second phase of Kyoto Protocol and its limitations

《京都议定书》签字以来,减排承诺国家的数量以及内容都发生了一些变化。《京都议定书》第二期承诺在"共同但有区别的责任"原则、气候损害补偿机制以及国际合作等方面具有正当性,对国家发展权进行了一定程度的保障,但其局限性在于发达国家的减排承诺国减少,减排力度有限,发达国家提供资金和技术支持的政治意愿不足。在今后的气候变化问题谈判上,应通过坚持"共同但有区别的责任"原则,建构替代性国际气候法律约束机制,完善"气候决策"的程序保障机制,提高"气候条约"的强制执行性等方式来保障国家发展权。我国应通过合理构建碳排放交易法律制度,加强节能减排技术的法律促进,完善碳排放的司法控制等具体措施来提升应对气候变化的硬实力。

After the signature of Kyoto Protocol,the number and members of countries committed to the reduction of carbon emission has undergone some changes.The second phase of Kyoto Protocol provides safeguards for the right of national development by upholding the validity of the principle of'common but differentiated responsibilities',compensation mechanism of climate damage and international cooperation.However,it has limitations,i.e.the number of developed countries committed to the emission reduction decreased,the enforcement of emission reduction was not effective,and development countries lacked the political will to provide funds and technology.In the future negotiations of climate changes,more actions can be taken in accordance with the principle of'common but differentiated responsibilities' to ensure the right of national development.China needs to expand its capacity in dealing with climate changes by formulating related laws,developing technology for energy saving and emission reduction,and strengthening judicial control of carbon emission.