朝鲜时代汉语教科书能性述补结构试析

A Study of Verb-complement Constructions of Potentiality in Chinese Textbooks in the Era of Joseon Dynasty

朝鲜时代汉语教科书清晰展现了元末至清末五百余年间北方话口语中能性表达方式不断演化发展的历史过程。元末出现了句末附加语助词"有"的能性述补结构,但这种结构很快消亡了。元明时期使用频率较高的"V得/不得(O)"式结构到了清代前期逐渐衰退,而"V得/不C(O)"式结构则在竞争中逐渐发展起来。此外,清代以来,汉语教科书中还出现了能性述补结构与能性助动词叠加使用的语言创新形式。而除了以上历时特征之外,朝鲜时代汉语教科书中还存在着明显的共时差异。

Chinese textbooks in the era of Joseon dynasty in Korea reflect the development of the constructions of potentiality in spoken forms in northern Chinese dialects in more than 500 years span- ning between the end of Yuan dynasty to the last stage of Qing dynasty. The verb-complement con- struction of potentiality involving a sentence-final auxiliary have （有） indicating mood is found at the end of the Yuan dynasty. But this construction soon disappeared. The construction V de/bude（O） （V得/不得（O）） was used frequently during the Yuan and Qing dynasties. However, the other construc- tion V de/bu（O） （V 得/不 C（O）） has developed gradually in the competition with it since the early Qin the g dynasty. In addition,at the beginning of the Qing dynasty, some linguistic innovative forms like combination of a verb-complement construction of potentiality and an auxiliary verb emerged in Chinese textbooks in the era of Joseon dynasty. Besides historical divergence, the textbooks also showed distinct synchronic difference during this era.