夹缝中生存的墨西哥印第安民族及其语言——墨西哥语言政策研究

Indian Nations and Their Languages in Mexico ——On Language Policy of Mexico

墨西哥民族构成复杂,且拥有拉美诸国中种类最为繁多的土著语言。作为国家通用语的西班牙语在促进民族整合和国家统一方面发挥着积极作用。然而,墨西哥政府强制推行西班牙语导致大量土著语言消亡,墨西哥的语言发展史就是西班牙语和各土著语言交织作用,寻求平衡发展的历史。随着印第安人民族意识觉醒,墨西哥土著语言和文化的保护工作进入新阶段。在积极倡导保护少数族群语言和文化的全球背景下,墨西哥政府调整了其语言政策和教育政策。然而,建国初期开展的过渡性双语教育带来的影响使得后期双语双文化教育政策收效甚微。

Mexico is a country well known for its rich and impressive indigenous past as well as the present. It boasts the largest number of Indian languages among Latin American countries. As a national language, Spanish has played an important role in the unification and integration of the whole country. However, the imposition of Spanish on Indian peoples had caused the demise of many Indian languages in the history of Mexico. With the a- wakening of Indian national awareness, Mexican government is now adjusting its language policies and educational policies towards the minority groups within its border. Nonetheless, old habits die hard. The long lasting negative effects of transitional educational policies still haunted the bilingual and bicultural education till the present time.