职业紧张及其相关因素对提速列车司机情绪的影响

Effects of occupational stress and related factors to the mood of speed train drivers

目的 探讨职业紧张及其相关因素对提速列车司机情绪的影响.方法 采用整群抽样的方法,于2012年3月对某铁路局机务段1 352名男性客车司机（291名）、货车司机（640名）、客运调车司机（342名）和动车或高铁司机（79名）进行横断面调查;调查内容包括情绪、个体因素、职业紧张因素、个性特征因素和缓解因素;采用情绪量表测评情绪状况,使用修订的付出-回报失衡模式量表和职业紧张测量工具对职业紧张因素、个性特征因素和缓解因素进行测评.结果 相关分析结果显示,情绪评分与年龄（r=-0.07,P =0.01）、工龄（r=-0.07,P=0.01）、付出-回报失衡（r=-0.53,P＜0.01）、外在付出（r=-0.41,P＜0.01）、内在付出（r=-0.39,P＜0.01）、组内冲突（r=-0.12,P ＜0.01）、角色冲突（r=-0.16,P＜0.01）、角色模糊（r=-0.08,P ＜0.01）和社会支持（r=-0.36,P＜0.01）评分呈负相关,与回报（r=0.42,P＜0.01）、自尊感（r=0.20,P ＜0.01）和应付策略（r=0.12,P＜0.01）评分呈正相关.客车司机、客运调车司机、货车司机、动车或高铁司机的情绪得分分别为（4.88＆#177;2.78）、（4.72＆#177;2.50）、（4.28＆#177;2.57）和（4.12＆#177;3.02）分,差异有统计学意义（F=4.23,P=0.01）,与年龄和工龄无关,情绪测评值修正均数从大到小排序为：客车司机（4.87）、客运调车司机（4.69）、货车司机（4.29）、动车或高铁司机（4.17）;逐步回归分析结果显示,付出-回报失衡、社会支持、回报、内在付出、自尊感、外在付出和应付策略是情绪的主要预测因子,可解释总变异的74.36％.结论 多数职业紧张因素是不良情绪的诱因,而回报、自尊感、社会支持和应付策略对情绪具有保护作用;不同类别的列车司机情绪状况不同,动车或高铁司机最差,客车司机最好.

Objective To explore the effect of occupational stress and related factors to the mood of speed train drivers.Methods By using cluster sampling method,a cross-sectional study was conducted in 1 352 speed train drivers（including 291 passenger train drivers,640 freight trains drivers,342 passenger shunting train drivers,and 79 High Speed Rail drivers） from a Railway Bureau depot.The survey included mood,individual factors,occupational stress factors,personality factors and mitigating factors.The mood status was evaluated by mood scale,and the occupational stress factors,personality factors and mitigating factors were measured by the revised effort-reward imbalance （ERI） model questionnaires and occupational stress measurement scale.Results Correlation analysis showed that the mood score was negative correlated with age（r=-0.07,P=0.01）,working age （r=-0.07,P=0.01）,ERI（r=-0.53,P〈0.01）,extrinsic effort （r =-0.41,P 〈 0.01）,intrinsic effort （r =-0.39,P 〈 0.01）,group conflict （r =-0.12,P〈0.01）,role conflict（r =-0.16,P 〈0.01）,role ambiguity（r =-0.08,P 〈0.01）,and social support（r =-0.36,P 〈 0.0l）,and was positive correlated with rewards （r =0.42,P 〈 0.01）,selfesteem（r =0.20,P 〈0.01）,and coping strategy（r =0.12,P 〈0.01）.The mood scores of passenger train drivers,passenger shunting train drivers,freight train drivers and High Speed Rail drivers were 4.88 ＆#177;2.78,4.72 ＆#177; 2.50,4.28 ＆#177; 2.57 and 4.12 ＆#177; 3.02,respectively,which the differences had statistical significance （F =4.23,P =0.01）,unrelated to age and working age.The descending sort of mood corrected mean was passenger train drivers （4.87）,passenger shunting train drivers （4.69）,freight train drivers （4.29）,and High Speed Rail drivers（4.17）.Stepwise regression analysis indicated that ERI,social support,rewards,intrinsic effort,self-esteem,extrinsic effort and coping strategy were the predictors,which could explain the 74.36% of total variance.Conclusion Most occupational stress factors may cause negative mood,but rewards,self-esteem,social support and coping strategy were the protection factors of mood; different train drivers had different mood status,High Speed Rail drivers were the worst,and passenger train drivers were the best.