我国粮食生产的技术推进模式及影响机制研究

Analysis on Food Production Technology Progression and Impact Mechanism in China

基于农业生产技术的功能性特征及随机前沿理论,构建可分离柯布-道格拉斯形式生产函数,测算我国粮食生产全要素增长率及其组成成分.实证结果表明,1999-2011年间,小麦、稻谷和玉米作物的全要素增长率普遍较低,其中,前沿技术进步率对全要素增长率具有正的贡献;但技术效率(尤其是M技术效率)在逐年降低,是造成全要素增长率偏低的主要原因.在此基础上,对影响我国粮食生产技术效率变化的因素进行理论分析和实证检验.研究发现,以直接补贴为主的农业财政支出政策对BC和M技术效率提高作用明显,且影响效果最强.粮食生产技术的推广与普及、粮食生产的规模化和专业化对技术效率具有显著正向影响,但市场机制的影响效果并没有显现出来.

Based on the functional properties of agricultural production technologies and stochastic frontier approach, this paper constructs a grain function with separated Cobb Douglas form to evaluate the total factor productivity and corresponding components of China＇ s grain production. The empirical results indicate that in between 1999-2010, the total factor productivity of wheat, rice and corn of China kept a low level in general and frontier technology productivity made a positive contribution to total productivity, however, technology efficiency （especiMly for M technology efficiency） went down gradually, which is the main reason of the low total factor productivity. Furthermore, this paper makes an anal- ysis of the theories and empirical test of the factors which influence the technology of grain production of China. Research shows that direct subsidy-oriented agriculture fiscal policy has a remarkable influence on both BC and M technology efficiency. Enhancing the scale and spe- cialization of grain production and facilitating the popularity and promotion affect technology efficiency positively, but market mechanism does not take obvious roles in this case.