四川鼠疫疫源地青海田鼠巢蚤群落结构及其动态

Community Structure and Dynamics of Fleas in the Nest of Microtus fuscus of Sichuan Foci

目的 掌握四川鼠疫疫源地青海田鼠巢蚤群落结构及其动态，为防止鼠疫传播提供理论指导。方法 依据自然地中密度显著性降低（还我们于2011年和2012年的5～9月在四川鼠疫疫源地逐月采集青海田鼠巢蚤，对其鉴定并统计分析，对鼠巢的染蚤率、蚤指数、巢蚤群落结构及优势种的季节变化进行了研究。结果 两年共挖取87个有效巢，分离得到3715匹跳蚤，包括8个物种，其中细钩盖蚤和直缘双蚤指名亚种为优势种。巢染蚤率为100%。巢蚤指数、优势蚤种指数的月间差异显著（P〈0.05）。2011年巢蚤指数、优势蚤种指数均显著大于2012年（P〈0.05）。群落多样性指数和优势度指数没有显著的年间和月间差异（P〉0.05）；2011年巢蚤群落均匀度指数显著小于2012年（t=-3.796，P〈0.05）；巢蚤群落均匀度指数的月间差异显著（ANOVA：F=2.692，P〈0.05），其中，2011年9月为调查期间最低值（0.712）。结论 四川鼠疫疫源地青海田鼠巢染蚤率高、巢蚤指数大，其中直缘双蚤指名亚种和细钩盖蚤为优势种。2012年巢蚤指数、优势种蚤指数均较2011年显著下降。巢蚤群落均匀度指数和物种数的变化存在显著的年间和月间差异。

Objective To understand the community structure and dynamics of nest fleas and provide supports for inhibiting plague spread. Methods Fleas were collected and identified from the nest of Microtus fuscus in Sichuan foci from May to September of 2011 and 2012, and the flea infected rate, flea index, community structure and dynamics were investigated. Results A total of 87 nests were digged, and collected, and 3715 fleas belonged to 8 species were identified, in which Callopsylla sparsilis and Amphipsylla tuta tuta were the dominant species. The flea infected rate was 100%. The flea index and dominant fleas index were monthly different （P〈0.05）. Nest flea index and dominant flea index in 2011 was significantly higher than that in 2012 （P〈0.05）. No significantly different of index diversity and dominance index was observed （P〉0.05）. Evenness index in 2011 was significantly lower than that in 2012 （t=-3.796, P〈0.05） with monthly different （ANOVA： F=2.692, P〈0.05）, and it reached the lowest value in September of 2011 （0.712）. Conclusion Flea infected rate and flea index of the nest of Microtus fuscus were high in Sichuan Foci. The dominant species were Callopsylla sparsilis and Amphipsylla tuta. The flea index and dominant species index in 2012 were significantly lower than that in 2011. The evenness index and species richness were significantly different among years and months.