引种植物朱缨花的访花者及其活动时间格局

The Floral Visitors and Their Temporal Activity Pattern of Introduced Plant Calliandra haematocephala

在动植物关系中,复杂的相互作用影响着访花动物的资源获取和植物的繁殖成功。引种植物朱缨花Calliandra haematocephala在冬季开花,具有多样的访花动物类群,包括鸟类、蜜蜂、蚂蚁和蝴蝶等,大蜜蜂为其最主要的拜访者。不同拜访动物的形态特征和访花行为不同,在花上的最早活动时间和持续期也存在差异,但相似类群动物的活动时间格局类似。总体上观测到的时间生态位重叠并不显著(P>0.05),但中华蜜蜂等访花者采集行为表现明显低于潜在活动能力。访花者行为和对花的占有时间直接决定了食物的获取,竞争和环境因素等是决定访花者活动格局的主要因素。在物种引入过程中需更多地关注植物与访花者以及访花类群之间的相互作用。

The complicated interactions will affect resource obtain of floral visitors and reproduction success of plants. Diverse floral visitors were observed on the Calliandra haematocephala which flowering in winter. The animals including birds, bees, ants, butterflies, and giant honeybees were the dominant visitors. These visitors had various morphological characteristics and foraging behaviors. The first emergence time and duration of visiting were different, whereas the activity pattern was similar in the same species. The overlap of ecological niche was not significant （P〉0.05）, and some visitors （e.g. Apis cerana） showed shorter collection time than their potential capability. Visiting behavior and activity duration directly determine the food obtain. Competition, weather conditions and visiting purpose were the main factors affecting the activities of visitors. More attention on the interactions between plant-visitors and floral visitors should be paid in species introduction.