云南省三个不同纬度梯度两种家鼠体表恙螨生态分布的研究

Study on Ecological Distribution of Chigger Mites on Two Species of House Rats in Three Different Latitudinal Gradients of Yunnan Province

通过对构成比、总感染率、总平均多度、总感染度、多样性指数和均匀度等常规统计指标进行分析,比较了云南省内三个不同纬度梯度中黄胸鼠和褐家鼠两种家鼠体表恙螨的分布差异和分布规律。捕获两种家鼠共944只,从其体表共采集到6409只恙螨,经分类鉴定隶属于2亚科10属64种。统计分析结果表明,低纬度地区两种家鼠体表恙螨的物种丰富度高于中、高两个纬度地区,低纬度地区中两种家鼠体表恙螨的总感染率(P)、总平均多度(MA)和总感染度(MI)均明显高于中纬度和高纬度地区(P<0.001)。低纬度地区的主要螨种是地里纤恙螨、英帕纤恙螨和微红纤恙螨;中纬度地区的主要螨种是褐鼠囊棒恙螨;高纬度地区的主要螨种是林谷棒六恙螨和攸氏无前恙螨。黄胸鼠和褐家鼠两种家鼠体表恙螨的感染状况、优势螨种构成和生态分布等因纬度和海拔梯度的不同而存在明显差异。

This paper compared the distribution of chigger mites on two species of house rats （Rattus flavipectus and R. norvegicus） in three different latitudinal gradients in Yunnan province by using the constituent ratio （Cr）, total infestation prevalence （P）, total mean abundance （MA） , total mean intensity （MI）, and diversity index and evenness （J’）. A total of 944 house rats were captured and 6409 individuals of chigger mites were collected. All the collected chigger mites were identified as 2 subfamilies, 10 genera, and 64 species. The results showed that the species richness （S） and diversity indices （H’） of chigger mites in the low latitudinal region were higher than those in other two latitudinal regions. The values of P, MA and MI in the low latitudinal region were significantly higher than those in the middle and high latitudinal regions （P〈0.001）. The dominant chigger mite species in the low latitudinal region were Leptotrombidium deliense, L. imphalum and L. rubellum. The main chigger mite species in the middle latitudinal region was Ascoschoengastia rattinorvegici. However, the main chigger mite species in the high latitudinal region were Schoengastiella ligula and Walchia ewingi. The infestation, dominant species and ecological distribution of chigger mites on the two species of house rats were prominently different in different latitudinal regions.