不同海拔和树冠层次对金冠苹果着色及相关酶活性的影响

Effects of the Different Altitudes and Canopies on Coloration and Enzyme Activity of Golden Delicious apple(Malus domestica Borkh.cv.)

为探明不同海拔和树冠层次对金冠苹果着色的影响,本研究以四川省小金县和茂县的金冠苹果为试材,对进入着色后期的果皮色素含量及相关酶活性进行了测定。结果表明海拔和树冠层次对金冠苹果着色均有影响,且小金县的研究结果与茂县的相一致。小金县和茂县不同海拔的各个冠层中,树冠上层的苹果花青苷和可溶性糖含量以及PAL、DFR、UFGT的活性最高,叶绿素含量最低,苹果着色最好。不同海拔和冠层的苹果果皮花青苷含量与着色指数、可溶性糖含量、PAL、DFR和UFGT的活性均呈极显著正相关,与叶绿素含量呈极显著负相关。小金县和茂县的海拔高度和树冠层次均不同程度的影响着金冠苹果的着色。在金冠苹果花青苷的合成途径中,PAL调控花青苷合成的起始,DFR只在个别情况下才是花青苷合成的关键酶,UFGT是花青苷合成的关键酶之一;可溶性糖含量与花青苷的积累密切相关,是调控相关酶活性的信号物质之一;叶绿素可阻碍花青苷的积累。

To study the effects of different altitudes and canopies on fruit coloration.Fruits of Golden Delicious apple were used as material to analyse the pericarp pigment contents and relevant enzyme activities in coloring late. The results showed both the altitudes and canopies affected the Golden Delicious apple coloration, and the Xiaojin County was consistent with Mao County. There were maximums of anthocyanin content, soluble sugar content and activities of PAL, DFR, UFGT in the upper which was in different altitudes in Xiaojin County and Mao County, and minimums of chlorophyll content, best apple coloration. The anthocyanin content of apples in different altitudes and canopies were very significant positive correlated with colour index, soluble sugar content, PAL, DFR and UFGT activities. The very significant negative correlation was found between the anthocyanin content with chlorophyll content. The altitudes and canopies affected the Golden Delicious apple coloration in Xiaojin County and Mao County to varying degrees. In the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway, the PAL regulates the initiation of anthocyanin synthesis; the DFR was the anthocyanin key enzyme only in individual cases; the UFGT was one of the key enzymes of anthocyanin synthesis; the soluble sugar was closely related to the accumulation of anthocyanin and was one of the signal substances of regulation related enzyme activity; the chlorophyll could hinder the accumulation of anthocyanin.