管制—自治模式下无居民海岛使用权流转问题探讨

On Transformation of Uninhabited Islands Usufruct from Regulation- Autonomy Perspective

传统私法体系下无居民海岛使用权的界定必然导致其流转理论与实践上的尴尬。无居民海岛的海洋属性、社会属性以及法律属性,决定了无居民海岛使用权具有公权与私权双重属性的合理性。无居民海岛使用权流转的立法与实践,表明无居民海岛使用权流转机制必须置于管制—自治模式下,才能有利于无居民海岛的保护与利用。该模式下无居民海岛使用权的设立、转让、抵押以及登记应该受到相关条件的制约和限制,但是在国家利益和社会公共利益得以维系的前提下,扩大无居民海岛使用权流转的范围和方式,增强无居民海岛使用权交易中的海洋意识,是对无居民海岛使用权流转机制的重构。其不仅为重构无居民海岛使用权流转机制提供理论支撑,而且为进一步完善我国海洋资源利用制度具有启迪和借鉴意义。

It is approbatory that to delimit the concept of usufruct in uninhabited island which may inevitably lead to embracement of transform theory and practical use. The marine attribute, society attribute and legal attribute of the uninhabited islands contribute to the reasonability that the usufruct in uninhabited island be of dual attributes including both public and private rights. For purpose of protection and utilize of uninhabited island, the mechanism of transfer system concerning usufruct in uninhabited island would be established under the ideal of regulation-autonomy, which be originated from legislation and theory of transfer mode. Under this pattern, the establishment, transformation, mortgage as well as register of the right to develop uninhabited island should be restricted by relevant conditions. However, reconstruction of transfer system should be considered on condition that national interest and public policy which be put into first place, so as to expand the scope and manner of the system. It is not only to provide theoretical support for transfer of usufruct in uninhabited island, but also inspiration and reference function which to improve develop and exploit system of marine resource in China, which enhances the awareness of ocean among Chinese people, and enlightens us to complete our system of marine resource.