4种不同品质猪肉香气的差异

Comparison of Aroma Compounds in Pork from Four Different Breeds

为全面了解瘦肉型猪肉、定远黑猪肉、安庆六白猪肉和皖南花猪肉香气的差异,将这4种新鲜猪肉分别熟制后,采用固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法分析其挥发性风味成分及含量,计算出相应的香气值,采用主成分分析法分析4种猪肉香气的差异。结果表明:瘦肉型猪肉香气与其他3种中国地方猪肉的香气有着明显差异,其余3种中国地方猪肉的香气也有一定差异;对瘦肉型猪肉与其他地方猪肉香气差异影响较大的香气物质有:柠檬烯、己醛、庚醛、(E)-十四碳烯-1-醇、2-乙基呋喃、2-正戊基呋喃、2-正己基呋喃、十四碳烯-1-醇和庚酮。苯甲醛与皖南花猪肉的香气相关性较高,安庆六白猪肉样品的香气与柠檬烯、十一醛和庚酮的相关性最高,14-十碳烯醛、辛醛、庚醛和(E)-十四碳烯-1-醇与定远黑猪肉样香气联系紧密,没有与瘦肉型猪肉香气相关性较高的挥发性风味物质。

The volatile flavor compounds of cooked meats from four different pig breeds including lean-type pig, Dinguyan black pig, Anqing six-white-spotted pig and Wannan spotted pig were identified and quantified by solid phase micro- extraction （SPME） and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）, and aroma values of the identified compounds were calculated. Comparative analysis of the four breeds for differences in their volatile compound composition was carried out by using principal component analysis. The results indicated that there was a significant difference in aroma between lean-type pig and three other breeds as well as among the three breeds. Limonene, hexanal, heptanal, （E）-tetradecene-1-ol, 2-pentylfuran, 2-ethylfuran, 2-hexylfuran, 14-octadecenal and heptanone were found to greatly contribute to the aroma of cooked pork. Benzaldehyde had a high correlation with the meat aroma of Wannan spotted pig. Limonene, heptanone and undecanal had the most significant effects on the meat aroma of Anqing six-white-spotted pig. The meat aroma of Dinguyan black pig had a strong correlation with 14-octadecenal, octanal, heptanal and （E）-2-tetradecen-l-ol. However, no volatile compounds were correlated with the meat aroma of lean-type pig.