不同温度对无水保活条件下的中华鳖肌肉营养成分及血液生化指标影响

Effect of Temperature on Muscle Nutritional Components and Blood Biochemical Parameters of Pelodiscus sinensis Alive without Water

设定4、10℃和18℃组研究中华鳖（Pelodiscus sinensis）在无水保活21d中质量损失率、肌肉水分、脂肪、蛋白质以及血液葡萄糖（Glu）、总蛋白（TP）、白蛋白（ALB）、尿素、尿酸（UA）和肌酐（CREA）含量与乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）和谷草转氨酶（AST）活性的变化。结果表明：在保活过程中，4℃组中华鳖仅能存活11～16d，其质量损失率、肌肉营养物质消耗量显著低于10℃和18℃组（P〈0．05），而血液Glu、LDH、AST、UA、CREA水平均显著高于10℃和18℃组（P〈0．05）；18℃组质量损失率、肌肉营养物质消耗量、血液尿素浓度显著高于4℃和10℃组（P〈0．05）；10℃组肌肉营养物质消耗量及血液生理指标水平间于4℃和18℃组之间；随着保活时间的推移，3个温度组肌肉营养物质和血液TP、ALB、ALP水平均呈现下降趋势，而质量损失率和血液尿素、uA水平均呈现上升趋势；4℃组肌肉ATP和血液LDH、AST、CREA水平均呈现先升高后下降的趋势；10℃和18℃组肌肉ATP含量呈现先下降后上升的趋势，而血液AST活性呈现下降趋势。该实验结果表明，4℃组中华鳖的营养物质损害量低，但低温应激对该组中华鳖新陈代谢水平和生命活力产生负面影响，18℃组中华鳖机体能量代谢水平旺盛，营养物质消耗量和质量损失率均较大，不利于实现保活价值。建议将中华鳖保活温度设定为10℃左右。

Pelodiscus sinensis was kept alive without water by incubation in a thermostatic chamber set at different temperatures （4, 10 and 18 ℃） for 21 days. The changes in body weight loss, the contents of water, lipid and protein in muscle, and the concentrations of glucose （Glu）, total protein （TP）, albumin （ALB）, urea, uric acid （UA） and creatinine （CREA） as well as the activities of lactate dehydrogenase （LDH）, alkaline phosphatase （ALP） and aspartate aminotransferase （AST） in blood were examined during the incubation period. The results indicated that the survival time of Pelodiscus sinensis at 4 ℃ was 11-16 days. The body weight loss and nutrient consumption of Pelodiscus sin ensis at this temperature were lower than those observed at 10 and 18 ℃ （P 〈 0.05） and the concentrations of Glu, UA and CREA, and the activities of LDH and AST were also higher （P 〈 0.05）. The body weight loss, nutrient consumption and blood urea concentration ofPelodiscus sinensis at 18 ℃ were higher than those observed at 4 and 10 ℃ （P 〈 0.05）. Additionally, the nutrient consumption and blood physiological indexes ofPelodiscus sinensis at 10 ℃ were between those at 4 and 18 ℃. The nutrition, blood TP and ALB levels and ALP activity of Pelodiscus sinensis at three different temperatures showed a decreasing trend during the incubation period, while the body weight loss, and urea and UA levels exhibited an increasing trend. The levels of ATP, LDH, AST and CREA in Pelodiscus sinensis at 4 ℃ increased initially and then decreased.Furthermore, ATP content of Pelodiscus sinensis at 10 and 18 ℃ exhibited an initial decrease followed by a increase, while AST activity always decreased. These results suggest that the nutrient consumption of Pelodiscus sinensis at 4 ℃ is lower, while low temperature stress has a harmful effect on the metabolism and vitality of Pelodiscus sinensis. The body metabolism rate of Pelodiscus sinensis at 18 ℃ is faster and the nutrient consumption and body weight rate are higher. Therefore, the most appropriate temperature for keeping Pelodiscus sinensis alive is about 10 ℃.