监控警戒下降及其研究趋势

Review of the Mechanism of Vigilance Decrement and Future Research

近百年的研究尚未解决警戒下降的难题。新的领域聚焦于人的警觉状态,即如何使监控者保持适度的觉醒水平以避免警戒下降与失误。研究者从监控工作负荷、电生理反应、觉醒水平与EEG/ERP活动以及其关系,探索了影响警戒下降的特征与机理,提出通过声音告警和背景音乐来提高监控操作者的唤醒水平以改善监控警戒绩效。未来的研究需要探明声音的告警机制,以及声音和音乐的唤醒机理;探索保持适合监控作业的觉醒水平的方法;构建基于觉醒水平的唤醒与预警机制的模型,以适用于多种终端监控作业设计,以及对监控者的觉醒水平的自动化监控和唤醒反馈。

Vigilance decrement remained a problem in spite of stuies for near a century. New researches focus on the state of vigilance, i.e., how to keep the awakening-sleep of the moderate level to prevent vigilance decrement, thus forestall work failure. By investigating work load, workload, brain EEG/ERPs activity, arousal level and vigilance performance, researchers have explored the features and mechanism of vigiliance decrement and proposed to better vigilance performance through improving the monitor＇s arousal level by sound alarm and sorrouding music. Future research is expected to define the sound slarming mechanisn and the arousal mechanism od sound and music; to explore methods for keeping proper monitoring awareness; to establish a arousal and precaution model based on awareness level which is suitable for multi-terminal monitoring service and feautring in automatic supervising and arousal feedback of the monitor＇s awareness level.