“结构与选择”机制下的人的生命本体——马克思主义人学理论的新探索

The Noumenon of Human Life under the Mechanism of "Structure and Choice"——New Explorations in Marxist Theory of the Study of Man

长期以来,在人的生命本体论中,结构主义和存在主义将"结构"与"选择"割裂开来,对立起来,陷入了"二元论"的泥坑。人的生命本体论由"二元论"到"二重性"转变已是时代的切望。基于20余年对人的生命本体的研究和调查,本文作者以马克思主义辩证思维为科学方法,试图在哲学人类学领域重构人的生命本体论。文章提出,人的生命本体具有"结构与选择"的"一体化二重性",结构与选择互相联结、互相决定、互相转化,一体化存在。人的生命本体"结构与选择"具有共时态存在、历时态存在、交互关系态存在等多种存在方式,并且具有实践性、现实性、主体性和二重性等多种属人特性及功能。这一理论重构是对"主体人类学原理"的进一步深化,为人文社会科学提供了一种人的生命本体论基础,为人们提供了一种科学的人生哲学,为人类学自我超越提供了理论参考,具有多种前提性理论启示。

For a long time,structuralism and existentialism have separated'structure 'from'choice' and made them opposites,thus getting bogged down in dualism.For the life noumenon to shift from'dualism 'to'twofoldness' is the earnest hope of the age.Based on more than twenty years'research into the life noumenon,the author uses the scientific method of Marxist dialectical thinking to try to reconstruct life ontology in the field of philosophical anthropology.The paper proposes that the life noumenon has an integrated twofoldness in which structure and choice are linked and are mutually determining and transforming in an integrated existence.The structure and choice of the life noumenon have multiple modes of being:synchronic,diachronic,and interactive.Moreover,they have many personal attributes and functions:those of practice,reality,subjectivity and twofoldness.The reconstruction of theory represents the deepening of research into the principles of the noumenon of anthropology;it provides a foundation in the life noumenon for the humanities and social sciences,offers a scientific philosophy of life,provides anthropological self-transcendence with theoretical reference material,and offers a number of preliminary theoretical hints.