扩张与强化:环境侵权责任的综合适用

Expansion and Strengthening:Comprehensive Application of Environmental Tort Liability

立法和司法解释通过强化环境侵权责任以救济受害人、制裁和遏制环境侵权行为的效果比较明显。以自然人侵权为模型构建的侵权责任制度不能完全适合对法人侵权行为的规范。在研究如何强化环境侵权责任时,不能仅仅从侵权构成要件上作抽象思考,须一并考虑到更为复杂的法律解释与适用。在现有的制度构架下,通过法律解释特别是对连带责任、雇员责任、企业控股股东的"直索责任"等的扩张解释,以及严格适用与综合适用各种侵权责任方式,正确处理环境侵权责任与相关行政法律责任及刑事法律责任之间的关系,能够实现环境侵权责任的强化,达到救济受害人、制裁和遏制环境侵权行为的法律效果,实现环境友好、生态文明的社会效果。

The effect of legislation and judicial interpretations in providing victims with remedies and penalizing and checking environmental tort activities through strengthening environmental tort liability is relatively clear.Tort liability constructed on the model of tort relating to natural persons would not be totally applicable to tort standards relating to legal persons.When studying how to strengthen environmental tort liability,we cannot simply think of the main components of tort,but must also consider more complex legal interpretations and applications.Under the existing institutional framework,it is possible,through legal interpretations,especially expanded interpretations relating to joint liability,employee liability and direct claim liability of corporate controlling shareholders,as well as strict and comprehensive application of different ways of tort liability and correct handling of the relationship between environmental tort liability and related liability under administrative and criminal law,to strengthen environmental tort liability and achieve the legal outcome of providing victims with remedies and checking and penalizing environmental tort activities,thus achieving an environmentally friendly ecological culture.