小麦纹枯病研究现状、问题与展望

Progress, Problem and Prospect of Wheat Sharp Eyespot Research

近 2 0年来小麦纹枯病危害有普遍加重的趋势 ,对小麦高产稳产构成了严重威胁。本文从小麦纹枯病的病原、发生规律、危害损失、抗性遗传、抗病机理、抗源筛选以及防治技术等方面 ,介绍了小麦纹枯病研究中的主要研究进展 ,以及存在的主要问题即缺乏简便可行的抗性鉴定技术、稳定高抗抗源和有效研究手段 ,提出了运用复交、近缘杂交、诱变等方法创造新抗源 ,利用分子生物技术进行遗传研究和辅助抗病育种的研究策略。

The damage of wheat sharp eyespot was becoming more and more serious since 1980,and had formed a new risk to wheat production. The progress of basic research on pathogeny and pathogenicity of wheat sharp eyespot, the regularity of outbreak and the losses caused by the disease, inheritance and mechanism of resistance to sharp eyespot, resistance resources selecting and resistance breeding to sharp eyespot, and control techniques of the disease were briefly discussed. The problems on current sharp eyespot research were the lacks of identification techniques for resistance to the disease, highly stable resistance resources, and effective means to study on inheritance and breeding of resistance to sharp eyespot. The research strategies of wheat sharp eyespot were that of application complex cross or cross between common wheat and its related species or mutation breeding to select high resistance resources to sharp eyespot,and application molecular biotechniques to study the inheritance and breeding of resistance to sharp eyespot.