目标性干预在控制老年患者医院下呼吸道感染中的效果分析

Effect of targeted interventions on control of lower respiratory tract infections in elderly patients

目的研究目标性干预对控制老年患者医院下呼吸道感染的作用，达到有效降低下呼吸道感染率的目的。方法以2010年1月-2012年1月住院的I296例老年患者为研究对象，将其分为干预前576例、干预后720例，干预前患者年龄60-91岁，干预后患者年龄60～93岁；采用前瞻性目标监测及回顾性调查两种方法，调查干预前后老年住院患者下呼吸道感染发生率。结果干预前调查576例，发生下呼吸道感染108例，感染率18．76％；干预后调查720例，发生下呼吸道感染68例，感染率9．44%；开展目标性干预后，老年患者医院下呼吸道感染率由18．76％下降至9．44％；气管切开／机械通气的患者由2．78％下降至2．08％；患有脑血管疾病、恶性肿瘤及呼吸道疾病的老年患者为易感人群。结论开展目标性干预对控制老年患者医院下呼吸道感染率效果显著，说明采取干预措施可有效降低下呼吸道感染发病率。

OBJECTIVE To study the effect of targeted interventions on control of lower respiratory tract infections in elderly patients so as to effectively reduce the incidence of lower respiratory tract infections. METHODS A total of 1296 elderly patients who were hospitalized from Jan 2010 to Jan 2012 were enrolled in the study and divided into the pre-intervention group with 576 cases and the post-intervention group with 720 cases; the patients in the pre-intervention group varied in the age between 60 and 91 years old, and the patients in the post-intervention group varyied between 60 and 93 years old; the prospective targeted surveillance and the retrospective survey were conducted to investigate the incidence of lower respiratory tract infections in the elderly patients before and after the interventions. RESULTS Of totally 576 patients investigated before the interventions, the lower respiratory tract infections occurred in 108 cases with the infection rate of 18. 76% ; the lower respiratory tract infections occurred in 68 of 720 patients after the implementation of interventions with the infection rate of 9.44%. After the targeted interventions were carried out, the incidence of lower respiratory tract infections in the elderly patients decreased from 18.76% to 9.44%; the incidence of lower respiratory tract infections in the patients undergoing tracheotomy or mechanical ventilation decreased from 2.78% to 2.08%. The elderly patients with cerebrovascular disease, malignant tumor, or respiratory diseases were the population at high risk of the lower respiratory tract infections. CONCLUSION The implementation of the targeted interventions can achieve significant effect on control of the lower respiratory tract infections in the elderly patients, indicating that the targeted interventions can effec- tively reduce the incidence of the lower respiratory tract infections.