“祖业权”:作为一种非正式产权的地方表达与实践——基于对广西宗族性村落的调查

“Ancestral Property Rights” :An Informal Property Right and Its Expression and Practice——A Survey Based on Lineage Villages in Guangxi

土地制度在国家行政力量的推动下而不断变革,但当前农村社会依然有着较为稳固的关于土地是"祖业"的观念。"祖业权"因具有较为完整的使用权却不具备独立产权的完整性,而明显区别于建立在西方市民社会基础上的私有产权。因此,祖业权是一种"准私有制"产权形式。土地纠纷是近几十年来农村社会的主要纠纷类型,而祖业权在宗族社会的运转直接引发新的地权冲突。祖业权的地方实践蕴含着政府政治世界和农民生活世界、大传统和小传统等两套话语逻辑的博弈和冲突,并且在博弈过程中,后者往往占据上风。这样,祖业权的乡土实践就成为国家法在乡土社会中遭遇系列困境的根源所在。因此,国家政策的实施要认真对待祖业权等地方性知识。

Driven by the State administrative power, land system has been reformed constantly. However, rural society at present still holds a solid concept of taking land as ancestral property rights. Ancestral property rights are apparently different from private property rights based on Western citizens ＇ society, because the former has a rather complete use of right yet not an intact independent property. In this sense, ancestral property right is a form of quasi-private ownership. Land disputes are the main types of disputes in rural society in recent decades. The operation of ancestral rights in lineage society directly triggers off new disputes about land rights. Local practices of ancestral property rights contain gaming and conflicting between two discourse logics, for example, government＇s political world and farmers＇ living world, big tradition and small tradition, etc. And in the gaming process the latter always takes the upper hand. In this case, local practices of ancestral property rights have become the root of difficulties when constitutional law is operated in rural society. Therefore, local knowledge such as that of ancestral property rights should be taken seriously in the implementation of state policies.