不同类型的日粮纤维对怀孕母猪胃内pH值、微生物状态以及胃排空速度的影响研究

Effect of The Level and Type of Fibre on Microbial Activity, and The Rate of Gastric Emptying in Pregnant Sows

本试验运用了３种不同的日粮，即对照组（低纤维日粮组，Ｃ）、麦麸纤维组（高不可溶性纤维日粮组Ｗ）和甜菜纤维组（高可溶性纤维日粮组，Ｓ），以及６头装有胃瘘管的怀孕母猪，采用了两种相同的３×３拉丁方设计，研究了日粮对猪采食后不同时间（０ｈ，即早饲前、早饲后０．５、１、２、３ｈ和５ｈ）时的胃内ｐＨ值、微生物总数（包括大肠杆菌、乳酸菌、乳杆菌、肠球菌以及酵母菌）、三磷酸腺苷（ＡＴＰ）和腺苷酸能荷（ＡＥＣ）、胃排空速度的影响规律。研究结果表明，猪胃内ｐＨ值于采食后 ０．５ｈ时达最高值，而与采食日粮类型无关；猪采食０．５ｈ后，随着采食时间的延长，胃内ｐＨ值呈现出下降的趋势，尤其于采食后 ０．５ｈ至２ｈ期间，这种变化趋势表现的更为明显；猪胃内大肠杆菌总数、乳酸菌总数、乳杆菌总数、肠球菌总数以及酵母菌总数均于采食后０．５ｈ时达最高值；所有细菌在胃内的变化趋势与ｐＨ值的变化趋势相一致；采食后１ｈ时的猪胃内大肠杆菌总数，Ｓ组要明显低于Ｃ组、Ｗ组（Ｐ＜０．０５）；胃内ＡＴＰ均于朵食前０ｈ时的水平最高。本研究表明，怀孕母猪胃内ｐＨ值是在不断变化的，于采食后 ０．５ｈ胃内ｐＨ值最高，此时胃内大肠杆菌、乳酸苗、乳杆菌。

The present paper was undertaken to study the effect of dietary fiber on gastric microflora. and the rate of gastric emptying in pregnant sows. The experimental diets consisted of three diets: One fiber -rich diet contained added soluble dietary fiber from sugar beet pulp (S); the other, insoluble dietary fiber from wheat bran (W); and one control diet (C). The stomach digest was evacuated once daily through the gastric cannula in a randomized order 0. 5, 1, 2, and 3 h after feeding the morning meal, or at 0 h (just before) and 5 h after feeding taken on the same day. Gastric pH value reached a maximum at 0. 5 h after feeding, and then fell gradually with time (especially between 0. 5 h and 2 h) after feeding in all three diets. The changing trend of pH for the three diets were not significantly different. The total counts of coliform bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, lactobacilli, enterococci and yeast were also highest at 0. 5 h after feeding, that was in agreement with gastric pH value. The level of coliform bacteria in diet S decreased significantly than that in diet C or diet W (p<0. 05). Gastric ATP was highest at 0 h. In conclusion, the pH value in the stomach was not stable at different time after feeding, and reached to maximum at 0. 5 h after feeding. There were the highest activities of gastric various bacteria at 0. 5 h after feeding. As gastric pH value increased, microbial activities were inhibited. Soluble dietary fiber decreased the rate of gastric emptying.