现代奶业奶牛卫生保健体系建设

Construction of Dairy Cow Health Care System in Modern Dairy Industry

现代奶业是一种高度集约化的生产模式,该模式下的奶牛疾病更体现出宿主、病因、环境三联因素的共同作用,呈现一种旧病未除、新病不断出现的复杂局面,因此,牛病防控必须贯彻"预防为主,重点优先,统筹兼顾,综合防控"的基本原则。在此原则下的现代奶业奶牛卫生保健体系涉及保障动物健康的所有要素,如兽医卫生管理体制、保障动物健康的政策法规制度、兽医卫生行政管理系统和基本兽医卫生服务体系,其特点主要体现在分级防治、管办分离和专业服务三方面,着重建设基本兽医服务体系,企业或政府可采取外包或托管形式获得专业化兽医服务,最终目标是:拥有健全的奶业健康保健体系,保障养殖户/企业能普遍得到良好的兽医服务,保障重大疫病不再是主要的健康威胁和保障高效优质的奶业生产。

Dairy industry is a highly intensive dairy production system. Under this system, occurrence of diseases are more dependent on the interaction of hosts, pathogens and environment and shown as a complicated situation that old diseases keep prevalent, while new diseases have been continuously emerging. Therefore, to control bovine disease should follow the general strategy that ＂Prevention first, focus priority, overall planning, comprehensive prevention and control＂. In accordance to this strategy, dairy health care system includes all the critical factors related to health care, such as the veterinary administration system, laws and regulations to ensure animal health, primary animal health care system. The system will be characterized as grading control, separation between service and management, and professional service. Among them, the construction of primary veterinary service system will be emphasized~ Therefore, the enterprises or government can obtain good veterinary service in the way of trusteeship. The final goal can be described as follows： a perfect dairy health care system would be constructed, the farmers/enterprises can universally obtain good quality of veterinary service, the epidemic diseases would be no longer important health risk to cattle, dairy industry would be highly efficient and safe.