经济学方法论的实践原则与实证原则

The Practice Principle versus Empiricist Principle in Economic Methodology

马克思主义经济学与西方经济学在方法论原则上有着根本的不同。由于西方经济学方法论遵循的是实证原则,有人就沿着实证规范划分的方式去理解,认为马克思主义经济学是规范的,这是一种误解。实证与规范是对科学与道德学方法论原则差异的描述,以此来判断马克思主义经济学方法论原则并不合适。马克思主义经济学研究遵循的是实践原则。相对于按照物的逻辑展开、止于现实、安于现实的西方经济学实证原则,实践原则是按照人的逻辑展开、始于现实和改变现实的。方法论实证原则研究的是"是什么"的问题,而实践原则研究的则是"可以是什么"的问题,后者具有"是什么"、"应该是什么"和"可能是什么"的三重内涵。实践与实证,构成了经济学方法论原则的基本分野。

The methodology used in the Marxist economics is fundamentally different from that followed by the Western mainstream economics. To some extent, the re- search method mainly used in the Western mainstream economics is based on the empiri- cal analysis, which leads to a misunderstanding that economic methodology can just be separated into empirical analysis and normative analysis. In fact, the difference between this two kind of methodology used in the research of economics depicts the principle of science and ethicists. Therefore, we can not simple thought that the methodology of Marxist economics is a kind of normative analysis. Compared with the empirical princi- ple of western mainstream economics based on the logic of object, the principle of Marxist economics followed is practice, which is mainly based on the logic of human. This principle starts from reality and changes the reality rather than maintaining the present status. The purpose of empirical analysis is to explore the questions such as ＂what is＂, however, the practical principle pays more attention to the questions like ＂what could be＂, which includes three meanings： ＂what is＂, ＂what ought to be＂ and ＂what might be＂. In this respect, we should use empirical analysis and practical analysis to judge the methodology used in economic research instead of the traditional Empirical-Normative standard.