蕺山性学与阳明心学的本质差异——一个佛教的观点

The Fundamental Difference between Liu Jishan's Theory of Nature and WANG Yang-ming's Theory of Mind——A Buddhist Observation

作为当代新儒家的奠基人之一,牟宗三先生有两项重要的学术贡献:首先,于《佛性与般若》一书,史无前例地将天台宗"圆教"的"存有论性格"凸显出来;其次,于《心体与性体》一书,石破天惊地把刘蕺山与胡五峰共判归于程朱理学与陆王心学之外的"第三系"。虽然近来学界对于刘蕺山是否属于"第三系"出现不少批评甚至反对的声音,可是,却罕见有人把牟宗三这两大发现综合起来,以见出其对于新儒学开拓上的巨大潜力。透过将与天台圆教相提并论,以为其"三系说"提供一种崭新的辩护与证成方式的尝试,旨在阐明:一方面蕺山之学属天台"圆教"类型,另一方面,"阳明心学"属"别教"立场。

As one of the founding fathers of contemporary new Confucianism, MOU Zong-san made two important contributions： firstly, his Buddha-nature and Prajna brings to the fore the ＂ontological character＂ of the Perfect Teaching of the Tian-tai School; secondly, in his Xinti and Xingti, he proposes a ground-breaking interpretation of the Song-Ming Confucian thinkers （sanxishuo）, putting LIU Ji-shan and HU Wu-feng in a third school alongside the CHENG-Zhu school of li and the LU-Wang school of xin. In recent years some scholars have criticized MOU for seeing LIU Ji-shan as belonging to a school other than the other two. Yet, no attempt has been made to reveal the great potential of his interpretation for the development of contemporary new Confucianism based on a consideration of both the abovementioned contributions. The essay attempts to provide a justification for MOU＇s sanxishuo by comparing it with the Perfect Teaching of the Tian-tai School. It is argued that LIU Ji-shan＇s teaching is close to the Perfect Teaching of the Tian-tai school, while WANG Yang-ming＇s theory of mind belongs to the Special Teaching （biejiao）.