13-15世纪伦敦城市环境问题及其治理考察

Research on London Environmental Problems and its Governance During the 13th to 15th Century

中世纪晚期的伦敦,受到生活垃圾污染和工业生产导致的空气、噪声、水体、固体废弃物污染等环境问题的困扰。究其原因,是城市公共基础设施薄弱、大量外来人口涌入导致人口过渡激增、作为英国工商业和海外贸易中心的重要地位等多方面合力作用的结果。为此,王国政府和市政当局通过颁布法令条文、强制有污染的工业场址迁移出城、增设政府机构和职官等多种方式,对城市环境污染予以整治。

London had been nagged by some environmental problems in the late medieval ages, which involving the living garbage pollution, air, noise, water and solid waste pollution caused by the industrial production. Its reason was that the weak urban public infrastructure, demographic growth rapidly caused by a large number of floating population, and the important position which was as the industrial and economic centre of Britain. Therefore, the royal government and London municipality used various ways like enacting the statute and regulation, forcing the polluted industnes removed out of the city, setting up the new government agency and officeholders, in order to manage the urban environment pollution.