“道”在心外还是心内——唐君毅关于荀子“心”与“道”的思想述论

Is Tao Inside or Xin Outside ?——A study of Tang Junyi on Xunzi's thoughts of the Xin and Tao

唐君毅认为,荀子那里"心"可表述为"统类心",不仅具有认知功能,同时也是一意志行为的心。"道"是"统类之道",但首先是"心之道",循此心之"道"才能达至"统类之道",因此,不可视"道"在心外。然而,若就"统类之道"的核心——"礼义"来说,"道"与"心"的内外关系仍不明确。较合理的解说是区分"道"的双重意义,作为具体规范的"道"(礼)是外在于心的,有待心去认知;而作为"礼之理"的"道",则不可说在心外。但仍需指出的是,作为"礼之理"的"道",虽不可说在心外,可也完全不同于孟子意义下的"仁义内在"或"礼义内在"。

＂ Xin （心）＂ and ＂ Tao （道）＂ are two important concepts of Xunzi. Mr Tang Junyi thinks that, in Xund＇ sthoughts ,＂ Xin＂ can be expressed as ＂ tong lei xin （统类心）＂ ,which not only has a cognitive function, but also has＂tong lei zhi dao （统类之道）＂ can be understood. Therefore, ＂ Tao＂ can not be regarded as outside of ＂Xin＂ .Mr. Tang＇s statement is not clear. A reasonable explanation is to distinguish between the double meanings of Tao. ＂Tao＂ as the basis of ritual pdety, can not be regarded as outside of ＂Xin＂ , but also different from the Mencius＇ s thoughts that dtual pdety is completely inside.