北极通航对中国北方港口的影响及其应对策略研究

Impact of the Arctic Passage's Opening on Chinese Northern Ports and China's Response

随着北冰洋融化速度逐年加快,北极航道的开通日期日益临近。北极航道开通后,会改变全球的海上运输格局,进而影响港口的竞争格局和未来国际航运中心的布局。本文提出了北极通航对中国北方港口的影响及其应对策略问题。首先分析了北极通航的前景;然后从竞争程度、区位条件、腹地范围、网络结构、临港产业等几个方面阐述了北极通航对中国北方港口的影响;接下来,结合中国北方港口的特点,对其优势、劣势、机遇和威胁进行了SWOT分析;最后,从完善港口布局、加强基础设施建设、组建战略联盟、开辟北极航线、加大科考和研发力度、与环北极国家进行合作交流,以及积极参与北极通航事务等方面为中国北方港口提出了应对策略。

The melting of Arctic Ocean is accelerating,and the opening of Arctic Passage is approaching. The opening of Arctic Passage will change the pattern of global maritime transport and affect ports’ competitive landscape and international shipping center layout. The matter of influences of the Arctic Passage’s Opening on Chinese northern ports and these ports’ countermeasures is put forward in this paper. The prospects of Arctic navigation is analyzed first,then its influences on Chinese northern ports from the level of competition,location,hinterland,network structure and port industry are elaborated. In the next part,the SWOT analysis is done for these ports; in the end,some countermeasures are put forward,such as improving port layout,strengthening infrastructure construction,formation of strategic alliances,opening Arctic shipping line,increasing scientific and research input,cooperating with the Arctic nations,and participating affairs about Arctic Passage’s opening.