氮肥后移与花后叶面喷施6-BA对冬小麦产量和品质的影响

Effects of Postponing Nitrogen Application and Spraying Foliar 6-BA after Anthesis on Grain Yield and Quality of Winter Wheat

为了提高小麦生产水平,2010-2011年度以烟农19为材料,在总施纯氮量为240 kg·hm-2条件下,采用裂区设计大田试验研究了氮肥后移与花后叶面喷施6-BA对冬小麦产量及品质的影响。结果表明:氮肥后移、花后叶面喷施6-BA均显著提高籽粒的谷氨酰胺合成酶(glutamine synthetase,GS)、谷丙转氨酶(glutamic pyruvic transaminase)、可溶性淀粉合成酶(soluble starch synthase,SSS)活性,对束缚态淀粉合成酶(granule-bound starch synthase,GBSS)活性均无显著影响。氮肥后移能显著提高穗粒数、千粒重、产量;花后叶面喷施6-BA提高千粒重与产量。氮肥后移、花后叶面喷施6-BA均显著提高籽粒蛋白质及各组分含量、谷醇比、蛋白质累积量、淀粉含量、支链淀粉含量、支直比、淀粉累积量;且花后叶面喷施6-BA促进氮肥后移效应。在本试验条件下,B1N4处理(基肥:拔节肥:孕穗肥比例为3:5:2,结合花后叶面喷施浓度10 mg·L-1的6-BA,施量100mL·m-2)提高冬小麦产量与品质效果最优。

A field experiment with split plot design was carried out to study effects of postponing nitrogen application and spraying foliar 6 - BA after anthesis on grain yield and quality of winter wheat in 2010 - 2011 growing seasons using the variety of Yannong 19 with the total amount of nitrogen being 240 kg hm-2. The results showed that both postponing nitrogen application and spraying foliar 6 - BA after anthesis improved activities of GS, GPT, SSS in grain of winter wheat significantly, while had no significant effect on GBSS activity in grain of winter wheat. Postponing nitrogen application significantly improved grains per spike, 1000 - grain weight and grain yield, and spraying foliar 6 - BA after anthesis significantly increased 1000 - grain weight and grain yield. Both postponing nitrogen application and spraying foliar 6 - BA after anthesis improved protein content and each protein ingredient content, Glu/Gli ratio, protein accumulation, starch content, amylopectin content, amylopeetin/amylose ratio and starch accumulation in grain significantly. Spraying foliar 6 - BA after anthesis promoted the effects of postponing nitrogen application. Under the condition of this experiment, the treatment B^N4 （base fertilizer： elongation fertilizer： booting fertilizer = 3： 5： 2, spraying foliar 6 - BA after anthesis with the concentration of 10 mg L-1 and the volume of 100mL m -2 ） had the optimal effect on the improvement of the yield and quality of winter wheat.