“文从道中流出”:朱熹对文道关系的新理解

Literature Springing from Tao: On Zhu Xi's New Interpretation of the Relationship between Literature and Tao

在文道关系上,朱熹针对此前的"文以明道"、"文以贯道"的主流观点,提出了"文从道中流出"的新文道观。两种命题字面差异不大,实质却大异其趣。"文从道中流出"更加坚定地站在道理的立场,更加强调文道的一体性,说到底是"理一分殊"哲学思想在文学领域中的反映。它是理学的扩展,对文学有压抑,但从某个角度来说又对散文学有所提升。这种在理论上十分完满、周延而不免矛盾的文道范式的出现,是传统文道理论的一个重要绾结。

On the relationship between literature and Tao, Zhu Xi puts forward the new viewpoint that ＂litera- ture springs from Tao＂ in correspondence to the former mainstream viewpoints that ＂literature manifests Tao＂ and ＂literature runs through Tao＂. The two propositions have little difference in words but are sharply divergent in essence. ＂Literature springing from Tao＂ stands more firmly in the position of principle and more emphasizes the unification of literature and Tao, which is the reflection of philosophical thought of ＂unity in diversity＂ in the field of literature. It expands science and constrains literature while uplifting the prose study in some way. The emergence of paradigm of literature and Tao which seems to be perfect and comprehensive in theory but with the inevitable contradiction marks an important ending of traditional literature and Tao theory.