新疆阿勒泰平原荒漠罗布麻种植区的生态效益评价

The ecological effects of planting Apocynum venetumin the plain desert of the Altay Region,Xinjiang Province

气候变化、过度放牧和盲目开垦等不合理的人类活动,导致了新疆阿勒泰地区的植被退化和生态系统服务功能的减弱。为改善新疆阿勒泰地区的生态环境,本文选取在盐碱地和荒漠生境中生长良好的罗布麻为研究对象构建灌草复合系统,基于野外调查取样和室内分析方法,以平原荒漠区的原生植被为对照,对比分析1年和2年生罗布麻种植区与平原荒漠区的固碳增汇、防风固沙和水土保持等生态系统服务功能。结果表明,罗布麻植株相比对照平原荒漠的优势植物无叶假木贼,能显著提高植被的净光合速率和水分利用效率。2年生和1年生罗布麻样地的固碳量相比对照平原荒漠,分别增加了23.21%和21.56%;土壤风蚀模数分别降低了70.87%和88.72%,差异均显著;土壤可蚀性K值相比对照平原荒漠分别降低了13.50%和18.33%。本研究证明在新疆阿勒泰平原荒漠区种植罗布麻,构建灌草复合系统,能显著改善研究区的群落结构,提高植被的水分利用效率,增强平原荒漠区的生态系统服务功能,能很好地实现阿勒泰地区生态效益和经济效益的双赢。

Climate change and inappropriate human activities such as over grazing and cultivation has led to plant degradation and reduction in ecosystem service function in the Altay Region, Xinjiang Province, China. How to effectively restore the degraded ecosystem and improve the ecosystem service function have become key points for resource protection and land use management. To restore the environment and prevent vegetation degradation, a silvopasture ecosystem was constructed by planting Apocynum venetum in the plain desert. Based on field sampling and in situ measurements, this study compared several important ecosystem service functions such as carbon sequestration and resistance to wind and water erosion in the plain desert using A. venetum planted in 2010 and 2011. Compared with the original plain desert, the A. venetum silvopasture eco- system significantly increased the leaf net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency for both plots planted in 2010 and 2011. Planting A. venetum in the plain desert significantly increased the plant carbon density （340~ and 460~ for 2010 and 2011 respectively compared with the pl tion effect of planting A. venetum on the community growth. ain desert）, which was largely due to the promo The total carbon density increased by 23o/00 and 21~, wind erosion modulus decreased by 70. 87~ and 88. 72%, and soil water erosion value decreased by 13.50~ and 18. 330//oo in A. veneturn plots planted in 2010 and 2011 respectively compared with plain desert. Our results suggested that the construction of silvopasture ecosystem in the plain desert could improve the community structure, increase water use efficiency ance to wind and water erosion in the study area. P and carbon sequestration potential, and enhance the resist lanting A. venetum could bring both large ecological and economic benefits for the study area.