日本明治时期北京官话课本中的前置起始义介词——兼谈共同语形成过程中的包容性

The Prepositive Starting Preposition in Beijing Mandarin Textbooks during the Meiji Period in Japan:On the Inclusiveness in the Formation of Common Language

日本明治时期北京官话课本中介词"起"的用法比较复杂,不仅可以单独作为起始义介词使用,还可以和其他成分组成表示起始义的框式介词。在框式介词中,"起"的前置词和后置词用法之间存在差异,造成这种差异的原因跟"起"的虚化程度以及虚化方式有关。处于名词短语前的介词"起"在与其他同类介词的竞争中逐渐消失,但清末北京官话中起始义介词的多样性正体现了共同语形成过程中的包容性。

During the Meiji era the uses of intermediary word ＂from＂ in Beijing Mandarin textbooks are complicated, which can not only be used as preposition alone, but also form frame preposition with other elements to express initial meaning. In frame preposition, the preposition use and postposition use of the intermediary word ＂from＂ are different, the reason for which is closely linked with the different degrees of its grammaticalization and the way of its grammatiealizatiorL Preposition ＂from＂ in front of noun phrase gradually disappeared in the competition with other similar prepositions, but during the late Qing dynasty, the diversity of the prepositions with initial meaning in Beijing Mandarin just reflects the inclusiveness in the formation process of common language.