昭平(北陀)客家话“怕”的再语法化及其功能演化

The Regrammaticalization and Function Evolution of Hakka Pa (怕) in Zhaoping County (Beituo)

"怕"在北陀客家方言中除了作心理动词、语气副词外,还可以作语气助词,放在句子末尾可协助表达疑问、祈使等语气。在"怕"表达的多种语气中,它们都含有一种"不确定"的句法语义,这种语义是来自于其语法化源头语气副词"怕"的"推测"义。虚词多功能的认知和统一解释需要加强共时研究和历时研究的相互结合,"怕"的研究即是如此。

＂Pa＂（怕 ） not only can be used as psychological verbs, modal adverbs in Beituo Hakka dialect, but also as a modal particle on the end of a sentence to help express interrogative and the imperative tone, etc. The various tones of ＂Pa＂ （怕） contain a syntax meaning of ＂uncertainty＂, which comes from the meaning of ＂speculation＂ of the modal adverbs ＂Pa＂ （ 怕 ）. The cognition and uniform interpretation of muhifunctional function words need the combination of the synchronic research and the diachronic research, which is also demanded in the research of ＂Pa＂（ 怕 ） ~