奥巴马政府防核扩散政策评析

A Review of Obama Administration's Nuclear Nonproliferation Policies

作者首先介绍了奥巴马政府为应对核扩散而采取的若干受到国际社会广泛赞誉的政策。之后,根据对奥巴马政府上台五年来实际所采取的政策和最近发布的《美国核武器布置原则》的分析与探讨,作者提出,奥巴马政府并未如其所宣布的那样真正降低核武器在国家安全战略中的作用,相反.该政府继续坚持冷战思维和确保相互摧毁战略,维持大量战略核弹头并对之进行现代化改造.制订核打击计划并扩大核武器打击对象和适用情况.开发新的核武器系统并通过核武器来提供新的军事能力,使核武器处于最具活力的进攻性军事计划的中心。要真正防止核扩散,美国应言行一致,放弃选择性防扩散,并利用唯一超级大国的地位和影响,坚决阻止一切形式和一切国家的扩散。为世界做出榜样。在仍存在安全困境和技术加速扩散的今天,美国不能指望仅仅依靠自己的力量就可以防止核扩散。也不能指望仅仅依靠西方联盟的力量就可以防止核扩散,而是应当坚持集体安全的原则,努力实现国际协调尤其是大国协调,与其他核武器国家一起确保核武器和裂变物资的安全。

The article firstly presents the nuclear nonproliferation policies of Obama administration,which have been praised by the world.By reviewing the actual implementation of the polices by the U.S.government and the Nuclear Employment Strategy of the United States which was recently issued,we find that President Obama did not reduce the role of U.S.nuclear weapons in the U.S.national security strategy;on the contrary,his government remained in the Cold War mentality,and maintained large numbers of nuclear warheads and spent huge amounts of money in modernizing them.Moreover,the U.S.formulated the strategic war planning,developed the new nuclear weapons system and provided new nuclear capability.In order to prevent the nuclear proliferation,the United States should coordinate what she says with what she does,abandon the selective nonproliferation practice,and lead by example.Since the American government can't prevent nuclear proliferation only by itself,or even the Western coalition,the U.S.should insist on the collective security and the international coordination,especially the great power coordination.